THE DISADVANTAGE OF COMPUTER

              THE DISADVANTAGE OF THE COMPUTER

  As much as the advantage of the computer, there re also the bad side of it. These are some of the example of the disadvantage of using computer

• Health issues

When we use computer for too long it will effect our health permanently and temporarily. When we are sitting in front of the computer for too long our body postures will be ruined. Research shows that most of us slouch our body making our backbone to bend and causing our backbone structures to change.One of other major issues are our eyesight. 

•  Violation of security

With the social network getting bigger, so as identity theft. As a computer and social network user, the personal information will to be filled out first to create an account. This will be where the identity theft take their victims identity and use it to do false accounts and etc.

•  Use of internet and computer can discourage the students to be less proactive.

Despite being an independent learner, the students will be more addicted to go through the search engine and find out the answer and copy them. This will cause them to just get the work done and not learn and find out like what others with no access to the computer as they will have to go to the library or the archive to search for information.

Thank you for reading the 5 series of blogs. I hope you'll enjoy it and tak it as n educational reading and maybe apply it someday. 

THE ADVANTAGE OF COMPUTER

                                    ADVANTAGE OF COMPUTER

  Computer has been an important tool for us today and that it definitely has change a lot since the 21st century. The impact towards us is huge. There is not all good and definitely not all bad in this era of technology.

The advantages of computers are:

•  Allows a 2 way communication between a student an their educator.

If there is ever a problem in understanding a certain topic, the student can easily access to the social network via whatsapp or telegram to ask about the topic needed to be focused on.
Apart from using the social network, the student can also use the educational portal created by the administer in their school to ask questions regarding the topic.

•  Enable the students to be an independent learner.

By using the computer or other electronic devices, students can discover many things that are related to their task or homework. This will encourage he students to do research regarding their tasks before seeking an immediate answer from their educators. 

Web based learning are also encouraged in nurturing the students to search the information needed for them to do their research via the search engine such as yahoo and google.

•  e-banking 

Customers can make online banking through the computer to pay bills to the bank.

Online shopping can also be done due to e-banking. This is because the payment can be made online.

•  Online newspaper

The widespread of technology allows the publishers to publish their news through the internet by using their websites or their apps. This will encourage everyone to read and make it as a habit during their leisure time. This is because, The computer and other devices are accessible and easy to get, that publishers can encourage them to read their newspaper through tablets and laptops.

•  Government websites 

The government websites are built to allow the citizens to gain information regarding their country or to see their taxes that needed to be paid. These are made possible by the websites that are built specifically for them.There are multiple government websites that are accessible to the public that are useful as some are for their information regarding the news and the truths about the statements spreading on the internet. The government has taken the initiative to correct the news that are viral on the internet so that, the public can differentiate the right and wrong of the news.

That's all from me. THANK YOU .

THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF A MOTHERBOARD

                             THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF A                                   MOTHERBOARD

  

   Everything starts in this system unit. 
In, this system unit or chassis , is where the motherboard is installed in a normal computer. 
The system unit is actually a case that stores and protects the motherboard, hard drive, memory and other electronic components.

Going back to our topic: 
The motherboard is a circuit board ( the main circuit board ) of the computer it holds many components of the system and provide connectors to other peripherals that is other hardware that makes up the computer.

In my educational syllabus, we learn only 3 components which are very basic and are crucial in the functions of the motherboard. These are known as the slots which holds the processor, the memory specifically RAM (random access memory ) because the ROM is already preinstalled on the motherboard. 

There are however, more than just these 3 slots that is provided in the motherboard circuit.

Let's just say the processor slot holds the processor and the processor functions to process the basic instructions that operates the computer. 

There are 2 units that is carried out by the processor which are the control unit (CU) and the arithmetic logic unit (ALU). 

The control unit (CU) functions to direct and coordinate most of the operations in the computer, while the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs arithmetic operations such as the operation of addition, subtraction, division and multiplication and it also performs logic operations such as comparing 2 pieces of data to see if they are equal or decide if the condition of a data is true or false. 

The processor carries out these function in a never ending cycle from the time that we turn on the computer to the shutting down of the computer, it carries out the function in 4 stages of the cycle known as Fetch, Decode, Execute and Store.

1.  Fetch 

• Fetch is the process of taking the instruction or data from the memory.

    2. Decode 

•  The processor will then translate the instructions into signals that the computer can execute.

   3. Execute

•  In the executing process, the processor will execute the commands from the instructions.
• This process is where the deciding process happens, It means that instructions are executed through either using ALU or CU or even both.

   4. Store 

•  The results is shown on the screen of the computer or the other output device, they are then stored.

  Next, is the memory, there is of course 2 types of memory as mentioned above. Memory functions to store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor and store the results of processing the data.

The memory store 3 basic categories of items namely.

•  The operating system and other system software
• Application programs
•  Processed data (information). 

 As we know the ROM and  RAM are 2 categories of memory that are distinct in terms of its function and how it works. The similarities are that both are memory and that they are placed on the motherboard, but as to where they are or how they were placed can be referred in the picture above. Obviously as stated ROM (Read Only Memory) is already on the circuit of the motherboard. The RAM however is situated on the memory slots. There are a few slots in which we can place our RAM. The RAM is also known as a volatile memory. A volatile memory is a memory that loses its content once the computer is shut down completely. This means that RAM only stores the results or other information temporarily. Well, technically that's the rule of the game but with the expansion of technology, we can now back up our search or the works we did in the computer, those are technically in the OS of our device and computers. The RAM is also known as the main memory as to where most of our results are stored, the trick is that we have not realize as to where the data goes and yes it was not stored permanently and as a user we are automatically trained to save the results of data and other information into the storage, which is another story waiting to be told. Simplifying this, the RAM holds data or programs that are currently being used by the processor.

The ROM ( Read Only Memory ), is already on the motherboard as stated, it is a volatile memory that means that it does not lose its content once the computer was turned off. ROM stores the information or the data permanently. As the given name, ROM cannot be modified as the content is mostly instructions and permanent data such as the instructions of the start up of the computers and other programs in the computers which are crucial for the computer. 

The storage is where all the data, instructions and the information are kept for future use. The keyword storage is ( future use ). It might not look as important as it really does but like I said, it's probably because I've just talked about the memory and that it stores all the results, you know so what?!, well the FUTURE USE word makes a world of difference in this topic. The storage keeps the results and information permanently. So, these informations and processed data are all kept in as storage media such as the CDs, pendrives or our memory card. 

In the adapter card slots, we have the adapter cards. The adapter cards is what enhances the functions of the system unit and provides the connectors for other peripherals. These adapter cards is also called the expansion cards. There are many types of adapter cards such as MIDI card which allows us to connect musical instruments to our computer, network card which provides network connections to the computer and the network, the video card or commonly known as the graphic card which is connected to the monitor and sound card which are connected to the speaker or the microphone. There are others that is USB card, modem card, Firewire card used to connects to high-speed printers and video camera to the system unit, TV tuner.

There are other components too apart from these 3 components such as the power supply, the chipset, hard disk and many more. 

THANK YOU for reading.

 

THE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

                     THE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Hi again, this will be my second post and I would like to go straight to the point. Before going to our topic, we must first define what this is exactly. 

Firstly, in communication system, there is a network that is responsible to connect us all together in order to create a system. There is 2 types of network known as the human network. Human network is basically a system that assist us in sharing information and services among individuals or a group of people sharing the same interest towards a certain topic. Human network is generally a social structure comprising the individuals or organisations connected through technology and devices. This can be seen  through social network and technology and software combined together to allow these individuals to collaborate and share their interest in any types of interest or even their careers.

A computer network is a network that connects all the computers and other devices for the purpose of sharing information and resources and for computer communication.  

These branches of network had actually transform our lifestyle. It's fantastic and brilliant that it create a digital communication. Digital communication is the process in which 2 or more computers or devices can share data, instructions and information.

In digital communication, there are devices and tools that needs to be used in order for a successful communication to be achieved. We will need a sending device, communication device, a transmission media and the receiving device.

What exactly are these devices?

Well, to start off:

1. A sending device is a device that initiates instructions to transmit data, instructions and information.

A sending device are like servers, desktops, laptops and smartphones.

2. Communication devices are device that connects a sending device to the transmission media. There are many types of communication device,definitively speaking it will be a connector between these two device. 

For what we usually call as modem, these are the DSL modem, Dial-up modem and ISDN modem.

There are others like wireless access point, switch or hub, network cards and routers. Most of which everyone knows. 

A dial-up modem functions to convert digital signals into analog signal and vice versa so that the data can travel through analog phone lines.

Of course the difference between these signals are pretty obvious but what exactly is that ?

The difference is obvious in the amplitude of the wave of the signals being sent. The analog signals sends impulses through electrical pulses which are sent throughout the analog phone lines. This is however is a bit different when it comes to the digital signals because it uses the translation of these information into binary format and each bit is represented into 2 distinct amplitude of wave.

A DSL modem is a broadband modem that sends and receives digital data from the computers to the DSL line.

An ISDN modem is a broadband modem that sends and receives digital data over the computer to an ISDN line. 

A wireless access point is a central communication device that allows computers and devices to transfer data wirelessly among themselves and even to a wired network.

A router is a device that connects multiple computers or other routers together on a network.

A network cards, they're adapter cards which allows device or the computer that does not have a built-in networking capabilities to access to the network.

Switch or commonly known as a hub, is a communication device that provides a central points for cables to a network.

3. A transmission media is a material use in which the data travels through.

Transmission media uses materials that have the ability of 1 or more signals in a communication channel. 

So, there are 2 types of transmission media which are:

• wired
• wireless

The wired medium are well wires that are consisting of 3 types.

1.  Twisted paired cables. 

•  2 wires bundled together
• used for network cabling and phone landlines.  

      2. Coaxial cables. 

• A copper wires surrounded by 3 layers of braided metal and metallic tape.
• CATV ( community access television ) networking  usually uses these cables because they can be cabled over long distance.

     3. Fiber optics.

• uses glass or fiber strands that uses light to transmit signals.
• Used in a high speed communication.
• Smaller sized cable is used to obtain a faster communication transfer because ( smaller sized cables have bigger surface area and thinner and lighter ).

Next, the wireless medium. this will be the fun part because, well it's the transmission of data through the air or space. There is a few medium that is crucial to be noted as it is what we kept doing everyday.

• Infrared

1.  Uses light wave
2. Mobile computer or other devices usually have an irDA port that enable them to transfer data from a device to another device.

• Broadcast device ( Bluetooth )

1. They are short ranged 
2. Use to connect to the computer or other devices through infrared.

• Cellular radio ( 2G, 3G, 4G )

1.  A form of broadcast radio that is used widely for mobile communication that are wireless. ( mobile phones and modems.)

• Microwave transmission 

1. A radio wave that provides a high speed signal transmission over long distance. 
2. Signals are received through microwave station or satellites.

• Satellites 

1. Communication satellites is a space station that receives microwave signals from earth and then broadcast it back to earth.

That's all. Thanks for reading. Hope that it is usefull😏

Computer Science 101

                          COMPUTER SCIENCE 101

Hi! this is my first blog I've ever created. i would like to apologize first for the boredom of the blog and its boring page design.

However,  computer science is actually a vast knowledge worth learning and therefore, I would dedicate this blog to anyone who wanted to know about what computer science  can offer you in the future and even now.

First things first, computer science is the study of the principle of computer and how it actually works. During the early 1900s,  the world had experienced the first and the second world war. Along with it, came a piece of technology called the Enigma, this machine was used by intelligents and armies to encrypt codes and messages that are sent through radio signals in order to understand their enemies  next move. This enigma machine was the first modern computer ever created and developed by the germans to encrypt codes. However, there are many others who had actually invented machines that carries out almost the same kind of technology. One of the earliest technology such as this is the calculator. Calculator is the earliest piece of technology after the abacus ever invented that is to solve arithmetic problems such as the basic mathematical operations faced in our daily life. Thomas de Colmar was the first to invent such calculators that is known as the arithmometer and the stepped reckoner invented by Gottfried Liebniz.

THE ENIGMA USED BY THE GERMAN

                                                    THE STEPPED RECKONER

                                                          THE ARITHMOMETER


Well, that is all for the history class, now back to the basics of computer science.
Computer Science are widely connected to Information Technology (IT). IT is defined as the use of computer hardware and software to store, retrieve and manipulate data. I know, it's a boring topic talking about IT but it is what we do. From posting this blog to typing the search engine on Google Chrome for research and even downloading files and musics from websites, well there you go, that is INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. There are of course its pros and cons. One of its pros is that it eases a certain aspect of our lives that is it helps us to be aware of what is happening around the world. This is because IT is widely used through websites such as this blog and online newspaper, e-book and the social networks and applications(apps) like the facebook, instagram and even the wikipedia.

Next, in this 21st century it is kind of obvious that there are many fields of work and careers that uses IT such as the governments which creates websites and portals for the nation in order to inform true facts and many applications such as the websites to apply for local universities and for other government servants who needs to update their positions or to get information regarding their work can also be done here.
Furthermore, in the medical fields, IT is widely used for the doctors and other professionals to communicate with other professionals from separate hospitals or clinics or even from another country. This is to give the best treatment to the patients who are facing certain disease that are rare to a certain country or as to consult others as to experiment new techniques to conduct the treatment. Cancer and organ transplant is one of the examples of consultations used by health care professionals in carrying out operations. Such application is known as medline and telemedicine.
Education is not left behind in this field, it is best known that computers has been a necessity for youngsters to proceed with their life. Students today uses IT as to do research and to connect through the educational websites and portals suggested by their teachers and other educators and administrators whom had created the websites for the school to keep the information of everyone who had enrolled themselves in that particular school or college. However there are other field of work that uses IT in their daily job such as in manufacturing products that uses many types of tools and specific softwares and hardwares to create a product and producing maximum amount of product over a short period of time is all down to one reason and that is IT and Computer Science.

Alright, so now comes the fun part! (super exciting). First in order to know what is Computer Science
we must first understand that there are many types of computers. There are 5 types of computers known as the supercomputer, mainframes, personal computers, mobile devices and computers and finally the embedded computers. Embedded computers are actually a pretty simple type of computer that we have been using all this time. (no jokes). Embedded computers are commonly computers or devices that carries out a specific task such devices are used to improve a certain system such as in the manufacturing field. the embedded computer is used to maximize the production rate and are programmed to carry out work that are too heavy and exhaustive for us or even beyond our ability. This is also applied in the medical field. The x-ray machine and the MRI scanner is one of the examples of embedded computers used to see bone structures and the organs for the medical professionals to determine the problem faced by a patient. Next, the supercomputers. Well as described it is a huge computers that occupies almost a full room of a big room. Something like your lab in schools or an office. Supercomputers are the fastest, most powerful and expensive computers commonly used in complex and very sophisticated jobs such as nuclear research, searching weather patterns or even in search of petroleum underground. Supercomputers are the fastest among all the other types of computers. The fastest supercomputer are known to process billions of information and instructions in a second. Next comes the mainframes. Mainframe is actually a powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously and it also stores a humongous amount of data, information and instructions which is commonly used in insurance companies to store their customers information. Next, is the personal computers commonly known as our desktop and notebooks. Lastly, as we all know it, the mobile computer and devices which are handy and ( as you know it) mobile. Mobile computer and devices are like smartphones and cameras etc.

Moving on, we are going to go to computer systems which is where all the challenges begins. Computer just like us has its own language and thy are known to us as numbers. The way computers process  instructions are through codes which is also known as numbering systems. There are 3 types of numbering system that these computer can read which are the binary numbers, hexadecimals and decimals. In mathematics binary and hexadecimals are a way of representing numbers as we know which are the decimal numbers ( numbers from 0 to 9). However,in computers they are a way of representing data. Our computers understands binary numbers which are number 1 and 0. These binary numbers are commonly used in coding and in processing instructions, binary numbers are the source in which everything is processed.

There are 3 types of coding system known as the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII),EBCDIC, and the Unicode.

There are 2 types of ASCII coding system known as the ASCII code and the Extended ASCII code. The difference is that ASCII coding schemes used to have 7 bits which can only represents 128 characters. Pretty small number of characters. No idea what else that people like me can do with just 128 characters on my keyboard and so they extended the codes and added one more bit into the code which increases the numbers into 256 characters. ( By the way, 8 bits = 1 Byte) Bits is a unit of  data which is eventually the smallest unit and Bytes are a set of 8 bits grouped together to represent a character. Next, comes the EBCDIC codes. They are the same as ASCII with the 256 characters and 8 bits of data used. EBCDIC were used in the IBM mainframe and considered to be an obsolete coding system but these 2 coding schemes are only sufficient to represent the European and most of Western countries characters  but not for other parts and language. Therefore, there is another type of coding scheme introduced to us which we are using right now on our laptops and other electronic gadgets known as the Unicode. Instead of using 8 bits of data, Unicode uses 16 bits of data which is larger than the other 2 coding schemes which in total represents 65536 characters which can represent all the world's languages. Sound super awesome right. In conclusion, Unicode is now widely used in all of our laptops and personal computers.

Back to our topic, THE most popular topic in computer science known as Programming. Programming is a process that leads from an original formulation on computing problems to executable computer programs. Programming involves activities such as analysis, developing understanding,generating understanding and algorithms, verification of requirements of algorithms including their correctness and resources consumption and implementation of algorithms in a target programming language. Basically, the purpose of programming is to find and write instructions that will help us solve a given problem automatically.

In history, programming existed longer than we thought, that is during 1206 AD when the automata of Al- Jazari were programmable to play various rhythms and drum patterns. Next, the first computer program was generally dated in 1843 where a mathematician named Ada Lovelace published an algorithm of Bernoulli numbers.

 Next, we are going to talk about software. What exactly is software? It is a series of instructions that tells the computer what task to perform and how to perform it. Well there are 2 types of software known as the proprietary software and the open source software. There is however a slight difference between these software. 

Proprietary software are software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. They are also known as a closed source software developed by corporations and sold for profit by these companies and the source code is not accessible by the users.

Going to open source software, as the name was given, the open source software are free and the source code is provided for use, modification and  can be redistributed. 

Now that we know that there are 2 types of software, lets go to its system. System software is divided into 2 categories known as the operating system and utility systems.

Operating systems. Sounds familiar? yes, it is what we usually called OS. This term will be used for the rest of the blog. Nothing much about this operating system that we know about but eventually, there is a lot to talk about. OS is actually a set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources. I know it might sounded weird but it is what it is. In  this case, I am referring to how the computer works. OS actually governs the system by telling or instructing the computer ( hardware ) what to do next. There are 3 types of OS. Namely, Stand-Alone OS, Server OS, Mobile OS. 

A Stand-Alone OS is a complete operating system that works on desktops, laptops, and some tablets. There are some example of Stand-Alone OS. In the Proprietary category there is Windows XP, Windows 10, Windows 8, Mac OS X and UNIX. There is also an open source  stand-alone OS known as Linux.

Server OS are designed specifically to support a network and it resides on a server. Here are some examples. In the open source category we have Linux and in the proprietary category we have Windows Server, Mac OS X Server and UNIX. 

Mobile OS however resides on a ROM (Read-Only-Memory) chip in a mobile or consumer electronic device. There are a few examples of mobile OS such as Apple iOS, Windows phone on the proprietary category and we have Android and Symbian OS in the open source category.

Among the things that OS does are start and shut down a computer, provide a user interface, manage programs, manage memory, schedule jobs and configure devices, establish internet connections, monitor performance and provide file management and other utilities, control a network and administer security.